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Foreign Office, Consulate and Legation Files, China: 1830-1939

This expansive resource, drawn exclusively from The National Archives, UK, presents the files of the British legation and consulates in China. It offers a rich, multifaceted view of historical events, from trade routes and military conflicts, to public health challenges and revolution.

Covering a range of themes, the material includes correspondence, photographs, maps, newspapers, art, and pamphlets, uncovering the history of China and its complex relations with Britain from 1830 to 1939.

The crucial resource enables students and researchers to explore international relations outwards from multiple cities, such as Shanghai and Beijing and beyond, and examine how interactions with the UK shaped both nations during a period of dramatic change.

File classes
  • FO 228
  • FO 231
  • FO 232
Highlights
  • Materials documenting Britain’s role in the illegal Opium trade and the First and Second Opium Wars
  • Coverage of the 1850-1864 Taiping Rebellion, a religious civil war during which an estimated 5-10% of China’s population died
  • The British perspective on the revolutionary events of 1911-12 in which the 250-year-old Qing dynasty was supplanted by multiple republican factions and intermittent civil war
  • Documents in multiple languages, the most frequently occurring being English, Chinese and French, with additional sources in German, Italian, Japanese, Latin, Portuguese, Spanish and Thai
  • Incredible visual sources including photographs, architectural drawings, maps and art

Included in

AM Archives Direct

Modules include

Module Summary Date
Section I: 1830-1895

Publishing in 2025

1830-1895
Section II: 1896-1911

Coming soon

1896-1911
Section III: 1912-1919

Coming soon

1912-1919
Section IV: 1920-1939

Coming soon

1920-1939

Key data

Period covered

1830-1939

Source archive

  • The National Archives, UK
  • Economics and trade
  • Missionaries
  • Politics and diplomacy
  • Public health
  • War and revolution
  • Architectural drawings
  • Art
  • Correspondence
  • Ephemera
  • Maps
  • Newspapers
  • Official papers
  • Pamphlets
  • Photographs
  • Reports
  • Speeches
  • Business and Economics
  • International Relations
  • Political History and Science

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